Queen Victoria carried a gene for hemophilia B, a rare form of the disease. It was probably a spontaneous mutation that caused her to carry the gene because before her there was no recorded history of hemophilia in her family. Her son Prince Leopold had the disease. She passed hemophilia to the royal houses of Spain, Germany and Russia. But, it has been generations since hemophilia has been seen in the royal houses of Europe. So, likely, the disease has died out.
Prince Leopold died of a concussion.
Tsar Nicholas II and the Tsarina Alexandra had only one son and four daughters. According to Russian rules for the monarchy, only a male heir could inherit the throne. Unfortunately, the Tsarovich Alexei had hemophilia, inherited through his mother, whose grandmother, Queen Victoria of England, passed the genetics for the disease to her daughter Alice, and thus, to her granddaughter Alexandra, who gave it to her son.
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